One of the possible outcomes of brexit has always been the risk of the UK breaking up. But there’s also a possibility that England itself could break up. A new political party has recently launched looking to create a new independent state of Northumbria (which was a historical entity and a state in its own right going back many centuries). While it might sound bizarre there is some logic to it. And it also highlights some major issues within the UK which brexit has, if anything, made a lot worse.
Firstly, if you buy into the brexit rhetoric about sovereignty, then I don’t see how you can argue against Scottish independence. Scotland has ceded far more sovereignty to Westminster than it ever ceded to Brussels. And Scotland voted overwhelmingly to remain, their economic interests are not the same as those of England (as the brexit trade deal makes clear). And Scotland tends to be more left wing politically. So it stands to reason they should be either allowed greater regional autonomy to pursue these goals. Or, if that’s not possible, then full independence.
Well you could apply the same arguments to Northumbria, or indeed much of Northern England. The economy of England is dominated by the financial markets centred around London. And Westminster under the Tories mostly panders to their needs, as well as those of the wealthy in the home counties in the south. Consider that the average Londoner has an annual salary about double that of the average person living in Northern England (which sort of counters the main argument for staying in the UK, i.e. you’ll be worse off if you leave, well you’re already getting that anyway!).
The north is very much an after thought as far as Westminster is concerned, typically placated with slogans such as “northern powerhouse”…which they’ve been repeating for 10 years while turning the place into a poorhouse. So its not unreasonable for those in the north to want independence.
Some good examples of this attitude can be seen for example with Tories insistence on a new Runway at Heathrow airport, when London already has 5 airports. In fact, Boris Johnson’s would actually prefer to build an entire new airport to the east of the city on a massive artificial Island. Which would be great for Londoners, but not much good for anyone else in the country, who would then have to travel through London to get to these airports. Building a new airport to the north west of the city, or perhaps upgrading another airport (such as Birmingham’s) would be a far better use of public money.
Similarly, while there are arguments for and against HS2, the main argument against it is that there are more pressing transport needs in the UK. Notably, better east to west connections between northern cities. HS2 seems to be more aimed at giving London bankers an easier way to get to their second home in the Cothswolds. And the odds of any connection being built in the north under the Tories is somewhere between slim and nil.
And the aforementioned brexit deal, sold manufacturers, fishing and farming down the river, while ensuring the banks won’t need to worry about new EU anti-tax avoidance rules. Indeed the Tories just introduced new financial services regulations designed to help firms avoid scrutiny of their trading positions. In other worse, its a cheaters charter to the benefit of the banker and at the expense of everyone else.
Brexit is in short, just another in a long list of times the north’s economy has been screwed over to the benefit of the south and the wealthy. Part of the reason why many of the UK’s manufacturing industries collapsed was due to the lack of support they received from the UK government (again while the Tories have to take most of the blame here, labour aren’t entirely free of any).
By contrast other European countries, both before the single market and afterwards, went out of their way to try and protect their industries, making sure they stayed up to date and competitive. In fact one could argue that what saved UK industry from an even larger collapse, and led to something of a revival of some industries (such as car manufacturing), was entry into the single market. Largely because it served to shield manufacturers from the worse excesses of the Tories.
Of course the one thing the Tories have always been good at is deflecting blame. So with no hint of irony, they blamed the EU for many of the problems they had created. And now that they’ve managed to drag the UK out of the EU, they’ve inflicted a massive power grab, centralising yet more power in London. And, as noted, they are prioritising the financial industry in the south ahead of the rest of the economy. And this is an industry which is getting ever more greedy and corrupt (the recent revelations about Greensill for example), whose goals are increasingly at odds with the rest of the country (as the shadow banking industry wants to do deals with repressive regimes, that means jettisoning any principles the UK still has).
Now granted, you could argue many countries have the problem of a capital city creating an imbalance in terms of political and economic power with the rest of the country. But there’s usually some sort of counter balance. So for example in Ireland, Dublin represents about about 40% of the population and about half the economy. However, this is counter balanced by the fact that its Dublin has a much more diverse economy, dominated far more by industries such as manufacturing and tech companies rather than finance.
Then there’s is Ireland’s constitution (something the UK lacks) which puts limits on government power. The independent judiciary, who have launched investigations into political scandals. And Ireland’s voting system using proportional representation basically means it would be impossible to ever win an election in the way the Tories do (i.e. pandering to the rich, upper middle classes and any tabloid reading bigots that can be conned into voting for them). No Irish government could afford to ignore groups such as the farmers or the manufacturing sector. It would be political suicide. And of course the other major balancing factor is the EU and Ireland’s membership of the Euro.
And you see much the same in other EU states. Many also use the PR voting system. This, as I’ve previously noted, is why when the Germans shut down their deep pit coal mines they did so without a single involuntary redundancy. Meanwhile in the UK, coal mining towns were reduced to welfare colonies when the pits closed. As in Ireland, no German government could inflict that on its people and expect to win an election.
And as further check on power, some of the larger EU countries are federated states. So for example Germany breaks down into 16 federal states, each with its own parliament, court system and individual laws. Indeed, the largest and most powerful of these isn’t Berlin, but either Baden-Württemberg or Bavaria (depending on how you count it). And both of their economies are largely dominated by heavy industry, technology and farming. And similarly Spain has its regional governments, as does France.
So really I’d argue the solution is for the UK to copy this model. Firstly introduce PR voting. This would, as noted, make many current Tories policies political suicide, as they’d be setting themselves up to lose election after election. Similarly labour could not afford to neglect older working class voters at the expensive of young middle class voters in the major cities.
Secondly, make the UK a federal state. You’d be devolving more power to Scotland, Wales and NI, but also setting up regional assemblies within England, presumably including the North, Midlands, South and South west. Each region would be able to pass its own laws via its own parliament, including setting local income tax and business rates or sales taxes (which would effectively replace things like VAT, council tax and water rates).
Effectively the only political power held by the capital would be in matters such as foreign policy, defence and deciding how to allocate federal taxes (in the US for example about 50% of all tax is collected by the states and 50% by the federal government). And I use the word capital because I would not leave it in London, but move the capital somewhere else, preferably somewhere north of the Watford gap.
Of course what swings me in favour of Scottish independence (or Northumbrian independence), is the knowledge that you’ve not got a hope in hell of getting any of this passed. Not now, not ever. If all of the above were implemented, the Tories would be screwed. PR would effectively make it impossible for them to ever end up with a majority UK government ever again (recall their “landslide” election in 2019 amounted to just 40% of the vote, well short of a majority under PR).
Worse still, most of these new federal states would end up under the control of left wing parties, who would be now free to pursue whatever left wing policies they wanted. In fact even labour head office wouldn’t be happy, as it would mean more power to rank and file party members (who often complain about being treated as a branch office).
So for example, these UK federal governments could align their standards with those of the EU and enter into some sort of customs union, effectively reversing brexit in all but name. Or they might even have a pop at reversing brexit altogether. They’d be free to put up taxes in their region, increase public spending and close off tax loopholes the wealthy take advantage of. And given they’d effectively have a collective veto on any federal policies it would be impossible for the Tories to pass any of their preferred legislation, indeed much of it would be quickly rolled back.
In fact, even in the south, where the Tories would be in overall control, it wouldn’t work out so well, at least for the Tory party elites (who similarly treat party members like minions). If you are a conservative government in Cornwall for example, you might be tempted to lower your taxes in the hope of persuading some of those financial service companies into moving out of London. This is something that happens all the time in the US, where individual states try to eat each others lunch. And suffice to say, it would be nightmare for the Tories as it would destroy any form of central control (and they need that, cos not everyone in the Tory party knows the secret handshake and might do something silly like arrest a couple of bankers for tax avoidance or embezzlement).
Ultimately this distorted distribution of power in the UK means nothing will change. The problems many in the north voted leave in the hope of solving, won’t be resolved, they will get worse and worse. There’s only so long the Tories can gaslight half the country (not least because most of their supporters are fairly old and will die off eventually). Which makes some sort of breakup of the country inevitable if its not reformed.
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